Loom.



PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907.

G. E. GAY.

LOOM. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1906.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

% ZQW, Inventor:

Atty

PATENTBD NOV. 5, 1907. G. E. GAY.

LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6. 1905.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

N g "II" J mmllmlllllllllllmll I n I l I I-- x, l 1 lillllllllllllllllllllf lfllllii PATENTED NOV. 5, 1907.

G. E. GAY.

LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6. 1905.

G. E. GAY.

LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6. 1905.

PATENTBD NOV. 5, v1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

%1 Inventor:

UNITED sinuses PATENT o FIoE.

GEORGE E. GAY, OF MALDEN, MASSACHUSETTS AS SIGNOR TO THE LINEN THREAD COMPANY,

V OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

LooM.

To all whom it may concern,-

Be it known that I, GEonGEE. GAY, a citizen of the United States, and resident of and whose post-ofiice address is Malden, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms, of which the following is a specification. I

My invention relates to looms for weaving textile fabrics, and especially to looms adapted to be operated entirely by hand.

The objects of my invention are to provide a simple, efiicient, inexpensive and easily operated hand loom. -l attain these objects inand by the devices and construction described hereinafter and illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof, in which drawings like numerals of reference refer to like parts throughout the respective views.

Figure 1 is a sectional View of my device taken .through the center of Fig. 2, showing the inner side of one side of the fraine and the adjacent parts in elevation. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the whole. Fig. 3 is an end elevation taken from the front showing the woven cloth, cloth roller or beam and front tension bar broken away so as to disclose the batten, reed and handle frame. Fig. 4 is a rear end elevation. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of-one of the 'spoolsor bobbins for holding the warp threads, showing the mortise or cavity forholding'the knotted ends of the warp threads. 'Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the inside of a frame showing a modified form of guide ways for the reed. Fig. 7 is a similar view of still another form of the same. Fig. 8 is an elevation of a detail of the device. Fig. 9 is a plan view partly in section of this detail and adjacent parts.

In the figures, 1 represents the frame or side pieces; 22 struts or braces separating and securing the sides; 3 the warp beam comprising a shaftloosely mounted in open slots (27, Fig. 4) in the side pieces, upon which the spools 4 containing the warp threads are mounted loosely and oppositely withrela- 'tion to the winding of the thread thereon, so that the threads from each spool in unwinding turn the spool in a direction opposite to the motion of the next adjacent spool; 5 represents the warp-threads; G'the woven cloth or fabric; 7 the cloth roller or beam; 8- a rod or bar for rotating the same to reel up the finished fabric as it is required; 9 a ratchet wheel mounted on the roller 7- and engaged by the pawl l 0.

11 is a stretcher or tension guide bar over which the warp threads 5 are led from the spools, and .11" a similar tension guide bar at the other end of the frame over which the fabric -6 is led to the cloth' beam 7; the material being stretched and guided thereon and therebetween; they also serve to Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 6, 1905. Serial No. 235,966.

' Patented Nov. 55,1907.

secure and stiffen the .whole structure like the braces slots in which the pins 25 of the batten-heddle frame slide to perform the shedding and battening operations.

13- is the combined batten and heddle frame, shown in full lines in Figs. 1 and 6 as at its lowest position, having formed the lower shed. 13 are the legs of the said frame provided with pins 25 which slide in the slot 1212* -12 and 12-.; 14- represents the bars or wires of the reed and heddle;.l5 represents stops or plugs between the bars -l4 of the reed which serve to form heddle eyes for the operation of shedding, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

' 16-l 7 are arms of a parallel motion device pivoted at 22 and attached to the frame of the combined batten and heddle, preferably at the lower part of the frame. I

18- represents handles of which there are two, one on each side of and attached to the frame of the battenheddle at any convenient point and by which the latv end of the row of spools -4- on said shaft 3 by the spring 35- and the screw -21, as will be further explained hereinafter; this plate 20 being attached at 29 to the opposite inner side of the frame from 19. The bearing 19 is open at the end so as to receive the shaft 3- by end insertion, but is provided with an overhanging lug 30- to prevent its accidental escape; the vertical motion about the pivot bringing the lug into engagement.

23 is the shuttle; 24 is a mortise or cavity in the spool 4' adapted to receive and retain the knotted ends of the warp threads; 26 similar cavities in the cloth beam 7 for the same purpose.

2828- are the usual lease rods joined by elastic connections; 36 is a stop or detent to prevent further motion of the arm 17; 31 are elastic bands or other devices holding the lease rods together under tension; 32* is a plate secured at 33 to 20. It is provided with a pin -34 and a spring -35 which tends to keep the pressure plate 20 pressed at all times against the end of the row of spools '4; the screw 21 also abuts against this plate 32..

One of the principal advantages of my invention is that I am enabled to do away with a separate batten, a plurality of heddles, complicated harness,'treadles and and pulleys, treadles and other more or less complicated devices to support and operate the heddles, batten and shuttle race, and to perfom the operation of shedding and .battening the ,woof, besides, requiring two or more distinct and independent motions or op erations; or where in very small looms these have been omitted, the battenheddle-frame has generally been loose and mechanically unsupported, hence liable to get out of position and adjustment, resulting in disarrangeme nt and injury to the warp, ir egular and unsatisfactory battening and shedding, and general inconvenience. By my invention also the batten-heddle frame is self-guiding and supporting.

The operation-.ofmy device is as follows: The various threads, which are/to constitute the warp, are first wound on separate spools ach spool containing an aggregation of a suitable n1 fiber of threads, the

ends of which are first knotted 5 .rd secured in the cavity I bearing 19 and pressure plate 20-, in order that the necessary tension or pressure may be exerted through 20 on the assembled spools by the spring so as to hold the spools together and by the resulting friction prevent their accidental and individual rotation on the shaft 3-. The screw 21 bearing against the plate -32 on 20 may also lock the beam as a whole, preventingrotary movement, and consequent unwinding By using separate spools of warp threads the operation of beaming the warp as a whole is greatly simplified and made easier. The spools are oppositely mounted on the shaft 3 so that the aggregated threads of each alternate spool rection, the friction of the spools on each. other caused v by the pressure of the plate 20 (regulated by the spring -35) on the whole system of spools, assisting to hold them in place, and make the unwinding of the Warp uniform and even. The pressure of the screw -21- against this deviceserves in the. same way to positively lock the warp beam elements while weaving or whenever it isdesired to prevent unwinding. After passing over the tension bar 11, the threads .of the whole warp are passed over and under the lease rods -2- (see Figs. 1, 2 and 4) as is well understood. .The threads-are then led through the wires of the heddle-reed, as hereafter described. The heddle-reed itself is formed of Wires or bars l4 set in a frame 13. Between the wires constituting each alternate pair are placed fixed obstructions or stops 15, preferably of solder or lead, having the parts which come in v contact with the warp threads-(as at 5', Fig. 3),

preferably concaved and smoothed to avoid injury to the threads. These stops 15 are evenly spaced relatively to each other and to the lateral center line of the whole heddle, thus forming eyes, so that whatever position of the heddle, the threads of the warp'in contact with the stops are in the same lateral plane (see 5, Fig. 3) and so form an even shed, as is well known. There are no stops between the other alter-- nate pairs of Wires, so that the vertica reeiprocations of the whole structure do not material y change the po;

and battening, as will be more particularly explained,

hereafter,-

After passing the lease-rod 28, 'eachalternate warp thread is led through the eye of a stopped pair of wires which constitutes t-he heddle, and every other one through the unobstructed space between the stepped pairs or eyes, all of the wires together constituting the reed (see.5 and -5 Fig. 3). The threads are now carried over the tension bar 11*-- and down to the cloth beam 7 where the. ends of the several aggregations from the various spools are knotted by themselves and secured in the cavities 26, corresponding in position to tlfe spools 4-- from which the threads come. The usual operation of forming the woof is now commenced and the operation of weaving carried on as follows: Starting with the batten, and heddlein the lower position shown by the full lines in Fig. 1, the shuttle 23.is passed through the shed formed by the, drawing down of the threads 5--,

' which are borne against by the lower faces of-the upper stops 15, forming the heddle eye; the other threads of the warp in this position being indicated by the fineline 5"' (see Fig. 1). By means of the handles 18 the batten-heddle is now drawn forward and,

sincethe pin 25 must move in the inclined slot 12 (Fig. 1), the batten-heddle is necessarily raised till the pin -25 reaches the horizontal part of the slot at 12 when it moves horizontally forward to the second position;- indicated by the dash and dot line representation bearing the numerals 25 13 15- 13, thus beating the woof; the warp threads in this position being indicated by the dash and dot lines 5'and 5 The batten-heddle is then moved in the oppositedirectiori and the pin 25- made to pass into the slot 12" which is inclined upward. As the motion continues the reed is thus raised to the third position in the horizontal slot 12- indicated by the dotted line representationbearing the numerals -25"-1315 and 13 On reaching this point the reed has raised the warp threads which are borne against by the upper faces of the lower stops ,forming the heddle eye as at -l5 thus forminga raised shed as shown by the dotted line -5, the

otherthreads of the warp in this position being indicated by the dotted line -5*. At this point the shuttle is passed through the shed in the opposite direction as usual. The reed is now again drawn' forward, the pin 25 passing down the slot 12 into -12- when the "operation of beating the woof is repeated. On moving the reed again in the opposite direction it passes down into the slot 12 to its first position, once more forming the lower shed in preparation for the next passage of the shuttle The operation is thus continuous nd the various steps of forming the sheds and battening he woof are necessary incidents of the simple reciprocation of the reed guided by the be understood that the parallel motion levers 16l7 have, during, these reciprocations, maintained the batten-hddle in even relation to the warp threads as well as to the woven fabric, especially in the act of battening the woof, keeping it parallel to the latter,

and keeping it from twisting in the frame.

Referring now to the modification shown in Figs. 6

and 7, in Fig. 6, instead of attaching the pins 25 to legs 13- on the lower part of the frame 13 and running them in the slot 12, I cut the slot l2- entirely through the side of the frame -1 and allow the handle shaft 18- itself to slide in it, the

parallelmotion lever 16- being also secured at or about this point which is approximately the center of 25. effort and resistance. It will be clear that the operation of the modification is substantially the same as that already described, only that instead of there being a slot or groove ----12' 12 and 12 in which the pin slides after leaving 12,- --18- rests entirely upon the upper surface or edge of the sides I This modification hasthe merit of greater simplicity while retaining nearly the same 'efliciency. Iii Fig. 7, I do away with the slots as a means of guiding the batten-heddle in its reciprocations,

85 substituting the mechanism hereafter described. 37

is a rocking lever or arm pivoted at =38- to the frame 1, (it will be understood that there are two of.

these? the illustration showing only one side) and notched or provided with qjaws as at -41 This 4f) placed at such a point that when it is in its horizontal position 37, the handle shaft -18?- of the battenheddle, while still upon the top of the frame 1 lcorrespondihg to the slot or groove 12* Fig.1) will engage with the notch 41, as shown in dotted 45 line at .37* -41-. The rocking lever is maintained in the horizontal position by the pressure of thee spring -39 reinforced by the spring-40 acting "upon its flat end. Upon exerting a downward pressure upon the handles 18 of the batten-heddle, b0 the rocldng lever carrying the same is 'swrmg around its pivot 38 the batten-heddle describing-the are i 42, Fig. 7, and coming to rest at the lowestpoint of the are, thus forming a lower shed, as in the first 'described operation, (see 18 3741 At this point also the spring 39- bears against the then vertical long edge of the rocking arm tending to steady it, and the shaft --18 is prevented from falling out 'of the notch 41- after it leaves the horizontal position -41 by the edges 42 of the sides. The opera-. tion is, of course, the same when the batten-heddle is raised to form the upper shed,- as shown: in full lines at =37' etc. It is evident that the'parallel motion levers 16l7 etc., operate the same as in the pre viously described constructions.

It will, of course,-be understood that I do not limit myself to any particular kind or size of loom, nor the exact design, form or arrangement of parts that I have shown or described, as I have indicated merely the preierred construction and arrangement. Moreover,-

this applies as well to the description of the operation of the device, or the order of procedure of preparing heddle longitudinally and means for preserving the alineprogided with slots comprising a horizontal guldeway terminating in oppositely diverging guideways; a combined batten and heddle engaging said slots, and means for preserving the alinemcnt of the batten-heddle relative to the threads of the warp.

3. In a hand loom, the combination of a frame provided with slots; said slots comprising a horizontal guideway terminating in oppositely diverging guideways; and a beddle guided by said slots.

4. In a hand loom, the combination of a frame provided with diverging guideways a combined batten and heddle controlled by said guideways and means for preserving the alinement of said batten-heddle relative to the ,threads of the warp. l

5. In a hand loom, a combined batten heddle, means for preserving the alinement of the batten-heddle relative to the threads of the warp; an upwardly. and downwardly diverging guideway controlling said batten-heddle' and adapted to give it a longitudinal and perpendicular motion relative to the ,warp when the batten-heddle is reciprocated longitudinally.

6. In a hand loom, a combined batten-heddle, andmeans for giving it an automatic perpendicular motion relative to the'warp when reciprocated longitudinally.

7. In a hand loom, a combined batten-heddle; and means for securing automatically a longitudinal'and perpendicular motion relative to the'warp by each longitudinal reciprocation of the batten-heddle.

8. In a hand loom, a batten-heddle, and means for producing a longitudinal and perpendicular motion of the same relative to the warp at each longitudinal reciprocation of the batten-heddle, consisting of a guideway engaged by the hatten'heddle.

9; In a hand loom, a warp beam, :1 'batten-heddle, and

,means for producing a perpendicular motion,of the battenheddle relative to the warp at each longitudinal recipro'cation of the same, consisting of a guideway engaged by the batten-heddle.

1.0. In ahand loom, a warp, beam, :1 batten-heddle and means for giving the latter automatically a longitudinaland perpendicular motion relative to the warnwhen reciprocated longitudinally.

11. In a hand loom,'a combined batten-heddle and means for supporting and guiding the same, which comprises a vided with slots, said slots comprising a horizontal guideway terminating in oppositely diverging guldeways, and a batten guided by said slots.

wardly and a downwardly diverging guideway; a batten' provided with engaging members adapted to move in said slots; means for reciprocating said batten longitudinally, and means for preserving the alinement of said batten relative to the threads of the warp.

17. In a hand loom, the combination of two parallel sides provided with slots comprising a horizontal guideway terminating in oppositely diverging guideways, a batten engaging said slots, and means for preserving the alinement of the batten relative to the threads of the warp.

18. In'a hand loom, the combination of two parallel sides provided with slots comprising a horizontal guideway terminating in oppositely diverging guideways a heddle engaging said slots, and means for preserving the alinement of the heddle relative to the threads of the warp.

19. In a hand loom, the combination of a frame provided with diverging guideways; a batten. controlled by said guideways, and means for preservingthe aliiiement of said batten relative to the threads of the warp.

20'. In a hand loom, the combination of a frame provided with diverging, guideways; a longitudinally movable heddle controlled by said guldeways and means for preserving the alinemept of said heddle relative to the threads of the warp.

In a hand loom, a batten, means for preserving the alinement of .the b'atten relative to the threads of the warp; an upwardly and downwardly diverging guideway controlling said batten and adapted to give it a long? tudinal and perpendicular motion remtive to the warp when the batten isreciprocated longitudinally.

22. In a hand loom, a heddle, means for preserving the alinement of the heddle relative to the threads of the warp; an upwardly and downwardly diverging guideway controlling said heddle and adapted to give it a longitudinal and perpendicular motion relative to the warp when the heddle is reciprocated longitudinally.

23. In a hand loom, a batten, and means to give it automatically a perpendicular motion relative to the warp when reciprocated longitudinally.

24. In a hand looln,.a heddle, and means to give it automaticallyha perpendicular motion relative to the warp when reciprocated longitudinally. v

25. In a hand loom, a batten, means for producing a longitudinal and perpendicular motion of the samerelative to the warp at each longitudinal reciprocation of; the batten, consisting oi a guideway engaged by the batten.

26. In a hand loom, a heddle, and means for producing a longitudinal and perpendicular motion of the same reia= for producing automatically a perpendicular motion of the batten relative to the warp at each longitudinal reciprocation of the same.

28. In a hand loom, a warp beam, a heddle; and means for producing automatically a perpendicular motion of the heddle relative to the warp at each longitudinal reciprocation of thesame. r 29. In a hand loom, a warp beam, a batten, and means for automatically giving it a longitudinal and perpendicular motio'n relative to the warp when 'reciprocated longitudinally.-'

30. In a hand loom, a warp beam, a heddle and means for automatically giving it a longitudinaland perpendicu: lar motion relative to the warp when reciprocated longitudinally.

31. In a hand loom, a batten and means for supporting and guiding the same, which comprises a guideway substantially parallel to the warp iterminating in ascending and descending guideways.

32. In'a hand loom, a heddle and means for supporting and guiding the same, which comprises a guideway substantially parallel to the warp terminating in ascending and descending guideways.

33. In a hand loom, a batten; means for producing a parallel motion thereof secured thereto, and means for automatically giving the batten a perpendicular and longitudinal motion relative to the warp when reciprocated longitudinally 34. In a hand loom, a heddle; means for producing a parallel motion thereof secured thereto, and means for automatically giving the heddle a perpendicular and longb tudinal motionrelative to the warp when reciprocat'ed longitudinally.

35. In a hand loom, a batten; diverging guideways engaged by the same and means for reciprocating the batten in contact with the guideways.-

36. In a" hand loom, a longitudinally movable heddle,

diverging guideways engaged by the same and means for reciprocating the heddle in contact with the guideways.

37. In a hand loom, the combination of two parallel sides provided with slots in their inside faces, said slots comprising a horizontal guideway. terminating in an up,- wardly and a downwardly diverging guideway;- a heddle provided with engaging members adapted to move in said slots; means for reciprocating said heddle longitudinally,

and means for preserving the alineinentpf said heddle relative to the threads of the warp.

Signed atlMalden in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts this second day of November A. D., 1905.

I GEORGE E. GAY. Witnesses CHARLES E. Dnsnnr'r, .ELLA M. Hynn. 

